Which component is responsible for converting the vehicle’s mechanical energy into electrical energy?

The alternator is the component responsible for converting the vehicle’s mechanical energy into electrical energy. When the engine is running, the alternator is driven by a belt connected to the engine. As it spins, it generates electricity through electromagnetic induction. This electrical energy is crucial for powering the vehicle's electrical systems, charging the battery, and supporting ignition and fuel injection systems.

The alternator typically produces alternating current (AC), which is then converted into direct current (DC) to be used by the vehicle's electrical system and battery. This process ensures that the battery remains charged and that the electrical systems have a reliable power source while the engine is operating.

In comparison, while the starter motor is essential for starting the engine, it does not convert mechanical energy to electrical energy. The generator, although similar in function to the alternator, is less common in modern vehicles, as most now use alternators. The battery, on the other hand, stores electrical energy and provides power to the vehicle when the engine is off, but it does not convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.